Participles

Look at the following examples !

1. Back paint is one of the most common reasons people to the doctor and a leading cause of disability   worldwide.
2. When infected arthropods bit someone, they may leave the bacteria that cause typhus behid.
3. Scratching the bite opens the skin and allows the bacteria to enter the bloodstream.

The bolded words are called participles. A participle is a word formed from a verb and used as and adjective. There are two kinds of participles, They are the present participle (ending -ing) and the past participle (ending -ed,-en, -n, etc.)

1. Present Participles
    present participles are also called active participles. They are ended by -ing.

     
      Verb + -ing 
- Active Participles Follow Noun
   Example : the leaves Falling to the ground are colorful.

- Active Participles Precedes Noun
   Example : the falling leaves are colorful

- Active Participle repleces after
   Example : After i finished the assignment, i go to school.
                        Having finished the assignment, i go to school.

- Active participle replaces because/since/as/for
   Example : my gradfather has to wear glasses since he is old
                        Being old, My fradfather has to wear glasses.

- Active Participle repleces when/while
   Example : when was i walking along the garden, i saw an accident
                        walking along the garden, i saw an accident.

- Active participle follows verbs of preception
   Example : i saw the boy sitting under the tree


2. Past Participles
past paerticiples are also called passive participles. They are by -ed -en -n -t ,or -d

V3 

- Passive participle (as an adjective) follows noun 
   Example : The Window Broken by ella yesterday belongs to Mr. Andi.

- Passive participle (as an adjective) precedes noun
   Example : The broken window has been repaired.

- Passive participle replaces because/since/as/for.
   Example : Because the town surrounded by mountains, it has a cold climate.
                        Surrounded by mountains, the town has a  cold climate.

- Passive participle follows object of verbs of perception.
   Example :  i heard the song sung by Diana Ross